Using Material from Item a and Elsewhere Assess the View...

Assess the view that crime and deviance are the products of the labelling process (21 marks) The labelling theory is a micro interactionist approach, this is because it focuses on how individuals construct the social world through face-face interactions. It recognises the concept of the ‘procedural self’ where ones identity is continuously constructed and recognised in interaction with significant others, this results in the individual’s behaviour, including that related to crime and deviance. Significant others are those who are in high social power and thus able to dictate influence and actively determine an individual’s life. Such individuals may include police officers, prison officers, politicians, parents and teachers.†¦show more content†¦Police then labelled and persecuted hippies for their behaviour, excluding them from normal society. AS a result a deviant subculture emerged where hippies retreated into closed groups, grew hair out long, wore eccentric clothes and drug use became a central activity. Gove argued that there are two consequences of labelling: creation of sigma, modification of self images. Stigma is the negative branding of an individual and refers to the public condemnation and exclusion of the criminal. The media tend to exaggerate the behaviour of such people, causing increased fear and moral panic in society, resulting in avoidance and constantly being treated with suspicion. Becker refers to a ‘master status’ where once a person is labelled all of their actions are interpreted in light of the label and only negative aspects of that individual’s behaviour are focussed on. Because of the stigma created from the label a modification of self image occurs in the individual. The individual essentially lives up to their deviant label, becoming the person described in the label. The process of deviancy amplification whereby any punishments or treatment therefore reinforce the individual perception of the criminal, thus more crimes fitting to the label are carried out. This theory can however by criticised because it is determinist, where individuals have n control over the process and once they have been labelled they will inevitably turnShow MoreRelatedAssess the View That Crime and Deviance Are the Product of Labelling Processes.811 Words   |  4 PagesUsing material from Item A and elsewhere assess the view that crime and deviance are the product of labelling processes. Some sociologists believe that the cause of crime and deviance is labelling which is when a label is attached to a person or group of people due to their appearance, sex, ethnicity etc. Labelling theory argues that once this label has been attached it can create a self fulfilling prophecy, which is when the person begins to act according to the label and hence it comes trueRead Morecrime and deviance4817 Words   |  20 Pages SCLY4 Crime and Deviance with Theories Methods Past Papers Use the following past papers to practise your exam writing techniques and aid your revision. Make sure you look at the mark scheme for each question to assess your answer. Also check the ‘model answers’ from students to see where good AO1 and AO2 marks were scored. Crime and Deviance Different theories of crime, deviance, social order and social control. The social distribution of crime and deviance by age, ethnicityRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesand provides an advanced introduction to the heterogeneous study of organizations, including chapters on phenomenology, critical theory and psychoanalysis. Like all good textbooks, the book is accessible, well researched and readers are encouraged to view chapters as a starting point for getting to grips with the field of organization theory. Dr Martin Brigham, Lancaster University, UK McAuley et al. provide a highly readable account of ideas, perspectives and practices of organization. By thoroughly

Essay on Rise of Females in the Juvenile Justice System

Females are increasingly becoming more active in the juvenile justice system and this is said to be happening at alarming rates. It is important to learn more about why and how girls commit crimes so that we may also attempt intervention in an effective manner to prevent potential offenders and rehabilitate the girls who have already committed offenses. The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention has produced a report that includes a review of how these girls are getting into these situations, how states are dealing with this population of offenders, the national efforts that have taken place to attempt to address the needs of the adolescent female offender including training for individuals who work with these females and†¦show more content†¦While there is speculation as to whether the shift represents a change in behavior or a change in arrest patterns, it is undeniable that girls are becoming more visibly present within the juvenile justice system. The characteristics of these offenders and the crimes they are committing are also changing over time. Demographically the juvenile female offender is most likely coming from a single parent home and may have been physically or sexually abused at some point in her life. She will also most likely be under the age of 15 and even more likely to be a woman of color, African-American young woman comprise almost 50 percent of all young women in secure detention, while Hispanics make up 13 percent (Bergsmann, 1994). In 1996, females represented 57 percent of the arrests for running away. In 1996, females represented 15 percent of juvenile arrests for violent crimes, while arrests of boys for violent offenses declined by 9 percent (Snyder, 1997). Aggravated assault, the most frequent of the violent offenses committed by juveniles, represented 20 percent of all arrests for juvenile females, while declining for boys by 10 percent (Snyder, 1997). In considering these changes it is still im portant to note that girls are still arrested more often for status offenses it is becoming more evident that girls are engaging in delinquent behaviors more oftenShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Delinquency Is A Problem1508 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile Delinquency When looking into the history of United States and elsewhere juvenile delinquency is a problem and has been one for over a century. Like other systems in place, the system involving juvenile delinquents has gone through many stages. In the case of the juvenile delinquency, it has gone through four stages, with us presently in the fourth. The causes behind juvenile delinquency are still unknown even today. Some blame it on the current culture, the over-exposure to violenceRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System And Juvenile Offenders941 Words   |  4 Pagesin which the juvenile justice system responds to female offenders. Historically juvenile female offenders have been treated under status offense jurisdiction (Zahn et al., 2010, p. 10). United States Courts would exercise the principle of â€Å"parens patriae† to place the female in detention as a form of punishment for misbehavior (Sherman, 2012, pp. 1589-1590). This principle also remains prevalent as it pertains to how the juvenile justice system currently responds to juvenile female offenders. StudiesRead MoreEssay female juvenile crime736 Words   |  3 Pagesinterest in the impact of female crime in modern society. In addition, juvenile crime rates are on the rise, which combine for a void of research or information on female juvenile offenders. In general, crime rates for women offenders have risen since the 1990s. Increasing numbers of young women are also offending at higher rates. In a 1996 U.S. Department of Justice Report, the number of arrests of young women had doubled between 1989 and 1993. Twenty percent of all juvenile arrests were committedRead MoreCrime Statistics And Juvenile Crime951 Words   |  4 PagesJuvenile Crime Statistics The paper will focus and highlight some details of the statistics of juvenile crime statistics and juvenile crime itself. Is an aim to evaluate the reduction in national juvenile arrest, narcotics offenses, minor assaults, and the allegations regarding minor females, with the incousion of ethnic and racial classes. Additionally, data will be shown on the increase in arrest for minor females, the contrast in decrease for their male delinquent counterparts and voilent crimesRead MoreFemale Juveniles Are The Most Vulnerable927 Words   |  4 PagesFemale juveniles are known to be the most vulnerable. If they are growing up in poverty or suffering from abuse, their delinquent behavior are often leads to self-destruction. Female juveniles will most likely grow up to join street gangs, drop out of school, or become teenage mothers. Girls are the fastest growing segment of the juvenile justice system with minority females disproportionately represented among delinquent girls; two-thirds ar e girls of color. The majority have been subjected to someRead MoreThe Crime Of Juvenile Offenders1256 Words   |  6 Pagesevidence that continues to rise (and extremely much higher rates in the 2000’s) that portions of juvenile offenders commit most of the chronic, and violent, crimes of juvenile offenders. In a study conducted by Philadelphia birth cohort (Figlio, Wolfgang, Sellin, 1972) found that these â€Å"chronic offenders† (including having five or more police contact activities) in whole, constituted six percent of the cohort, and a rising figure of 18 percent of all delinquents. The juvenile offenders were again responsibleRead MoreJuvenile Crime And Juvenile Delinquency1322 Words   |  6 PagesVersion). Juvenile crime, in law, term denoting various offense committed by children or youth under the age of 18. U.S. official crime reported that in the mid-1900’s â€Å"about one-fifth of all persons arrested for crimes were under the age of 18† (Funk Wagnalls, 2014). Such acts are sometimes referred to as juvenile delinquency (Funk Wagnalls, 2014. Offering constructive programs reduces juvenile delinquency and reduces recidivism. â€Å"From the beginning, the principal consideration of the juvenile courtsRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency : The United States1458 Words   |  6 Pages Juvenile Delinquency in the United States We live in a world where there is a great deal of investment allotted to our children and our culture tend to be overprotective of our youth. Rightfully so, our younger citizens are considered the building blocks of our nation and the carriers of our legacy in the future. But in spite of stringent laws that seem to protect our youth, other factors such as race, poverty, and environment are catalysts for delinquent youth behavior. Juvenile crime isRead MoreFemale Crimes Are Not Biologically Capable Of Committing Crimes1204 Words   |  5 Pagesas the violent perpetrators and females as non-threatening victims, however things have changed and female violence has become a great issue in the country. Some believe that females are not biologically capable of committing crimes, and that belief alone has brought on a lack of attention to female involvement in crimes. According to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, between 1985 and 2008, the number of delinquency cas es involving females increased 102%, while for malesRead MoreConflict Theory1445 Words   |  6 Pagesyet all groups compete for limited resources. This inevitably gives rise to tension and conflict, albeit often of the subtle variety, as oftentimes the conflicts between groups have been institutionalized in society to such a degree that the conflicts and tensions are such an expected part of society that the conflict, and inequality, itself disappears from public sight, and consciousness. For example, an adherent of a world systems theory of conflict would point to the global competition for resources

Contrast Between 2 Restaurants You Eaten In Essay Example For Students

Contrast Between 2 Restaurants You Eaten In Essay What is a restaurant? A restaurant is a public place where meals can be bought and eaten. There are many restaurants which can be found in Subang Jaya. There are two restaurants which I often go to have meals, and they are Restaurant Kim Gary and Restaurant Ming Tian which located near to the Sunway Pyramid. From these two restaurants, they have some contrasts on the foods, hygiene, and the services. Firstly, I would like to discuss about the foods between these two restaurants. The foods in Restaurant Kim Gary are delicious but specifically on certain choices. The foods they have in the menu are like baked cheese rice with beef, Hong Kong spaghetti, French bread and many more. Most of the foods are baked with cheese. Foods in Restaurant Kim Gary has reasonable price although the foods in Restaurant Ming Tian are slightly cheaper than the Restaurant Kim Gary. This is because Restaurant Kim Gary uses good ingredients for their recipes. Besides, the foods in Restaurant Ming Tian are delicious too but apparently more choices than Restaurant Kim Gary. In general, Restaurant Ming Tian is more to the many food stalls. However, I prefer to have meals at Restaurant Ming Tian. Secondly, I move on to cleanliness between the two restaurants. When comes to this topic, I would say that Restaurant Kim Gary has good hygiene than Restaurant Ming Tian because they have good management on taking care of the dirts, spilled drinks, and so on. Other than that, the manager of Restaurant Kim Gary divided the place to have meal into two areas which are the smoking area and non-smoking area. These two areas provided are based on the customer needs because there are some customers do not smoke and some customers smoke. As for Restaurant Ming Tian, the hygiene of it is opposite to Restaurant Kim Gary. This is because the Restaurant Ming Tian is an open wide food stall; they open their stall on the side road or parking space which is near to the its restaurant. It doesnt have categorized areas for smoking and non-smoking area. Thus, I would prefer go to Restaurant Kim Gary because it has good hygiene. Lastly, I will talk about the services between the two restaurants. Restaurant Kim Gary has the better services than Restaurant Ming Tian. The waiters in the Restaurant Kim Gary are fully trained so they can serve their customers well and to be patient. The Restaurant Kim Gary has better facilities such as, fancy lightening, comfortable seats, air condition provided, and many more. Besides, Restaurant Kim Gary also does some promotions so that customers could enjoy foods with cost discount. In the Restaurant Ming Tian, the services are slightly worse than the Restaurant Kim Gary. Customers have to do self-services to make order in the Restaurant Ming Tian. Sometimes, the waiters are impatient and swear words. For several reasons, Restaurant Kim Gary has better services than Restaurant Ming Tian. As conclusion, Restaurant Kim Gary is a good choice to be chosen by customers because it is convenient to have meals there. Restaurant Kim Gary has variety of delicious foods which have reasonable price, good hygiene and better services that has been provided.